1. Carbon Hybridisation & Bonds
Tap to inspect2. Structural & Skeletal Formulas
Compare IUPAC representations & isomer structures:
3. Families & IUPAC Quick Reference
| Family | Formula | Suffix | Key Feature |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alkanes | CₙH₂ₙ₊₂ | -ane | Saturated, only σ bonds |
| Alkenes | CₙH₂ₙ | -ene | C=C (1σ + 1π), cis/trans |
| Alkynes | CₙH₂ₙ₋₂ | -yne | C≡C (1σ + 2π), linear |
| Arenes | C₆H₆ (ring) | -benzene | Delocalised 6π e⁻ sextet |
📌 Priority & Numbering Rule (IUPAC):
1. Longest carbon chain containing the principal unsaturated bond.
2. Number chain to give double/triple bonds the lowest locants before alkyl substituents.
3. Disubstituted benzene: 1,2- (ortho-), 1,3- (meta-), 1,4- (para-).